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Why Are Attached Garages Fire Hazards and How Can You Make Them Safer?
An attached garage is a convenient feature of many homes, but it poses significant fire risks. Fires originating in an attached garage are far more likely to spread to living areas compared to detached garages. Proper fireproofing measures are critical to give occupants enough time to escape in an emergency.
What Makes Garages a Fire Hazard?
Garages are prone to fires due to the flammable materials and activities often found there:
Oil and Gas Leaks: Drips from cars can accumulate and ignite.
Flammable Liquids: Gasoline, motor oil, paint, brake fluid, and solvents can release explosive vapors.
Sparks and Heat Sources: Heaters, boilers, and even car batteries can spark near fumes or flammable items.
DIY Projects: Welding and electrical work increase the risk of accidental fires.
How Should Garage Doors Be Fireproofed?
Doors separating garages from living spaces are a critical fire barrier. Inspectors and homeowners should ensure the following:
Fire-Rated Doors: Solid wood, steel, or 20-minute fire-rated doors are required.
Elevated Door Steps: A step helps prevent heavier gasoline fumes from entering living spaces.
Sealed Joints: Tight seals keep fumes like carbon monoxide from seeping into the house.
Self-Closing Mechanism: Doors should automatically close to avoid being left ajar.
No Pet Doors: Pet doors violate fire barrier integrity.
What Fireproofing Rules Apply to Garage Walls and Ceilings?
The International Residential Code (IRC) requires:
Drywall Protection: Use at least 1/2-inch gypsum board on garage walls and 5/8-inch Type X gypsum board for ceilings under habitable rooms.
Attic Access Covers: Covers must be fire-rated, secure, and installed to prevent accidental openings.
Drywall Joints: Joints must be sealed and backed to maintain fire integrity.
Incorrect: The walls in this photo below are not made of fire rated materials.
Correct: The ceilings and walls in this photo below are properly fire rated.
How Should Ducts Be Handled in the Garage?
Duct Material: All ducts must be made of at least No. 26-gauge steel or approved fire-resistant material.
Dryer Ducts: Avoid plastic ducts that can melt during a fire, creating an entry point for flames.
Are There Rules for Garage Floors?
Garage floors should be:
Non-Combustible: Made from approved, fire-resistant materials.
Sloped for Liquids: This helps drain spilled fluids away from living spaces.
Elevated Water Heaters: Water heaters must sit at least 18 inches above the floor to avoid igniting spilled fluids or fumes.
What Are the Best Practices for Garage Safety?
Homeowners should follow these general safety tips:
Store flammable liquids in labeled, self-closing containers away from heat sources.
Never store propane tanks indoors.
Keep garage floors clear of clutter and flammable materials like oily rags and loose papers.
Use the correct wattage light bulbs and avoid overloading electrical outlets.
Tape down cords and wires to prevent accidents.
Conclusion: Keep Your Garage Safe and Fireproof
Attached garages offer convenience, but without proper fireproofing, they can jeopardize your safety. By ensuring fire-rated doors, walls, and floors meet code requirements, and adopting safe storage practices, you can significantly reduce fire risks. A professional home inspection can help identify vulnerabilities in your garage’s fire safety.
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